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The Creative sector : an engine for diversity, growth and jobs in Europe [Recurs electrònic] : An overview of research findings and debates prepared for the European Cultural Foundation / by Andreas Wiesand in co-operation with Michael Sondermann
Detalles de publicación: Amsterdam : European Cultural Foundation, 2005Descripción: 18 pResumen: The paper asks, how the arts and the culture / media industries could contribute to the general goal “Growth and Employment” of the renewed EU Community Lisbon Programme (July 2005). It defines the scope of a “Creative Sector” from a European perspective and discusses recent research findings and debates, in addition to drawing some conclusions for further action. In contrast to the current debate among economists about a “creative class” (R. Florida), a proposed European definition of the Creative Sector comprises the arts, media and heritage with all connected professional activities in public or private organisations, including in neighbouring fields such as design, architecture or the production of music instruments. It points to linkages between the different fields and identifies occupational or “creative clusters” as well as “complementary relationships” between public institutions and private companies or non-profit bodies. The paper summarizes main empirical findings, including: • The combined workforce of the Creative Sector in 31 European countries (EU, 2 applicant countries and EFTA) can be estimated to be higher than 4.7 million people (ca. 2.5% of the total European workforce), the number of gainfully employed being near to or above 5 million. In comparison, US-figures are near to or above 2.5 million. • While some countries still report growth rates in cultural employment, these are, on the average, not as high as in the 1990’s, due to the general economic slowdown. • The gross market value of the Creative Sector in 31 European countries, which is still growing, can be estimated to over 380 billion € - with a share of ca. 23% for public bodies, including broadcasting. This surpasses many traditional industrial sectors and represents a similar, if not higher financial volume as compared to the United States. • Most private companies in the sector can be characterized as micro and small businesses which are locally rooted or closely tied to regional economic cycles. Usually, they are managed by their owners with an average of below 5 staff members. The greatest problem of this structure is undercapitalization, which blocks needed investments e.g. into marketing or technical equipment. • While European businesses in some fields, such as film or music, face serious problems, due to global imbalances and new market structures, others such as the book market or festivals can be considered on the prosperous side and as world leaders. • The important role of the arts and heritage for the economic development of cities and regions, based on direct or indirect revenues and their employment effects, is of particular importance for regions suffering industrial decline in a post-Fordist age. • The role of artists for innovation and diversity in society is of high value; they can free individual talents and passion in large sections of the population. Therefore, new political strategies aim to value the arts more on their own merits. Against this background, the paper deplores that the renewed “Community Lisbon Programme – An Agenda for Growth and Jobs“ does not take account of the potential strength of this sector, thus disregarding possible contributions or needs of millions of individuals, cultural initiatives and businesses in Europe. The paper concludes with a list of different types of action to be taken by the EU and national governments, including compensating global market inequalities and dependencies; recognizing European cultural values and potentials through reforms to the Structural Funds and other EU programmes; improving the financial conditions (“bankability”) for small and micro businesses in the Creative Sector; harmonising legal, social and VAT frameworks; and enhancing transparency and expertise. (Font: Resum) .| Tipo de ítem | Biblioteca actual | Colección | Signatura topográfica | Copia número | Estado | Fecha de vencimiento | Código de barras | |
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e-Libro
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Centre d' Informació i Documentació del CERC Repositori digital | General | DIG05_0233.pdf | 1 | Disponible | 1200050233 |
Executive Summary – Paper -- 1. A New “Creative Class”? -- 2. “Creative Industries” or the “Culture Sector”. A Few Words to Define the Field -- 3. Some Empirical Findings on the Employment and Economic Contributions of the Creative Sector -- 4. Multiple Benefits Generated by the Creative Sector -- 5. To Value the Arts on Their Own Merits. A New Change of Paradigm? -- 6. Conclusions
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